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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are utilized in order to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of seventy meters or 230 feet.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would at first need to be brought to the construction location by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the equipment portion of the jib and the crane. After that, these parts are connected to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes can be a few of the other industrial equipment which is commonly used to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is known as a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. After that, the driver of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast section piece.
The definition of a "loaded container" for the purpose of securing and container handling; is a container other than in the empty or tare condition. Containers must be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. To be able to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions such as wind need to be considered. The word loaded refers to the container's maximum gross weigh rating. So as to guarantee that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the load needs to be distributed all over the container.
Having an equally distributed load it is helpful to prevent lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting, so as to maintain safety. An even cargo helps to avoid unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
With the distribution of load within the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is extremely essential that the designers of handling equipment and containers take this into consideration in the engineering process. For example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in 50 percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to 5 percent.
Make sure that the container is free to be handled and care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container, so as to make certain that the machinery used is right for the cargo. Specific attention should be paid to the risk of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, such as a tank container, a bulk container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging load, extreme care must be taken when raising these.
