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An engine, also referred to as a motor, is a device which converts energy into functional mechanical motion. Motors that transform heat energy into motion are known as engines. Engines are available in various types like for instance external and internal combustion. An internal combustion engine usually burns a fuel together with air and the resulting hot gases are used for creating power. Steam engines are an example of external combustion engines. They use heat to generate motion making use of a separate working fluid.
In order to generate a mechanical motion via different electromagnetic fields, the electrical motor has to take and produce electrical energy. This particular kind of engine is extremely common. Other kinds of engine could function making use of non-combustive chemical reactions and some will utilize springs and be driven by elastic energy. Pneumatic motors are driven by compressed air. There are other styles based upon the application needed.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
An ICE occurs whenever the combustion of fuel combines along with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. Inside an internal combustion engine, the increase of high pressure gases mixed together with high temperatures results in applying direct force to some engine components, for example, pistons, turbine blades or nozzles. This force generates functional mechanical energy by means of moving the component over a distance. Typically, an ICE has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston engines and the Wankel rotating engine. Most jet engines, gas turbines and rocket engines fall into a second class of internal combustion engines called continuous combustion, which takes place on the same previous principal described.
External combustion engines like for instance steam or Sterling engines vary greatly from internal combustion engines. External combustion engines, wherein the energy is delivered to a working fluid like for example liquid sodium, hot water and pressurized water or air that are heated in some type of boiler. The working fluid is not mixed with, consisting of or contaminated by burning products.
Different designs of ICEs have been created and are now available with several weaknesses and strengths. If powered by an energy dense gas, the internal combustion engine provides an efficient power-to-weight ratio. Though ICEs have been successful in many stationary utilization, their actual strength lies in mobile applications. Internal combustion engines control the power supply utilized for vehicles such as boats, aircrafts and cars. Several hand-held power equipments utilize either battery power or ICE devices.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine is comprised of a heat engine wherein a working fluid, like for instance steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated through combustion of an external source. This particular combustion happens via a heat exchanger or via the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism that generates motion. Next, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and used again or discarded, and cool fluid is pulled in.
Burning fuel along with the aid of an oxidizer so as to supply the heat is called "combustion." External thermal engines can be of similar operation and configuration but make use of a heat supply from sources like for instance geothermal, solar, nuclear or exothermic reactions not involving combustion.
Working fluid can be of any constitution, although gas is the most common working fluid. Every now and then a single-phase liquid is occasionally used. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid varies phases between liquid and gas.
