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There are several industrial and commercial buildings which now exceed 60 stories or more. These buildings all need tall cranes to be able to help move the supplies to the upper floors. There are cranes which have their own vehicle attached or other types which are operated from the back of trucks. Tower cranes are the biggest ones on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures seen as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. When new construction like for example skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities like for instance shopping center are being constructed, odds are a crane will be on site.
Types
The two major types of cranes can be differentiated by the way in which their boom or jib lifts supplies. The jib is the metal frame that extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it carries things. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib could ratchet to upward or downward angles. The lifting capacity for both kinds can vary from 30 pounds to 10,000 pounds
Body
The crane's body is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame which is a combination of separate sections. So as to increase the overall height of the equipment, parts are added. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room which has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The crane operator works from inside of the tower.
Lift
To raise supplies, the crane utilizes a braided metal cord. The cord extends all the way to the end of the boom or jib from a motor situated next to the control module. There is a pulley system situated at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib that holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib situated on the opposite side of the tower. The counter jib holds weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from tipping over when raising heavy materials.
Hydraulic truck cranes are a specialized type of mobile crane. These cranes make use of hydraulics and could lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulics uses forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the pistons of the boom in opposite directions in order to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are very important in building major projects like for example bridges, airports, buildings and roadways. A crane could complete in minutes jobs that would normally take hundreds of men and lots of hours to accomplish.
The vast machinery are commonly used in the building of cities, homes, entire nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were probably constructed using basic cranes to allow the heaviest supplies in one of the most amazing construction projects of all time.
The very first cranes were established during 3000 B.C. Egypt during King Ramses'' reign. This lifting mechanism was initially utilized to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These mechanism were utilized to create an entire country throughout the 5th century B.C.
Initially, cranes were first made out of wood. It wasn't until the designers building dockyards decided they required something stronger and bigger did these machinery develop. Hick & Rothwell developed the very first cast iron cranes during the year 1834, within Bolton, England. This machinery can lift up to 2 tons. That same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by Herr Albert Sr. who was an Official of the German Superior Board. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition allowed cranes to have a bigger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. Germany began to make cast iron cranes 4 years later. The very first cast iron crane made by Germany was made in Neuburg.
